Prolific's payment modelProlific 2026 Participants paid for research studies on Prolific (platform payment policy) minimum hourly pay rule minimum hourly rate of £6 / $8 (recommended £9 / $12) Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2025: Advancing Standards in Digital Labour and AI Supply Chain GovernanceFairwork 2025 16 cloudwork platforms including Appen, Prolific, Remotasks, Amazon Mechanical Turk; survey of 776 workers in 100 countries, February 2024 to January 2025 platforms meeting minimum-wage principle four platforms (ComeUp, Translated, Elharefa, Terawork) of 16 Is tech 'taking over'? How the online workforce shifts towards tech work (Online Labour Index 2020)Online Labour Observatory 2025 Online workforce in the 136 countries monitored by the Online Labour Index 2020 share of countries where software development is the top online occupation from 29% of countries in 2019 to 43% in 2022 Scroll. Click. Suffer. The Hidden Human Cost of Content Moderation and Data LabellingEquidem 2025 Interviews with 113 data labellers and content moderators in Colombia, Ghana, Kenya and the Philippines maximum daily working hours reported up to 18 or even 20 hours a day (the Philippines) Scroll. Click. Suffer. The Hidden Human Cost of Content Moderation and Data LabellingEquidem 2025 Data labellers and content moderators in Colombia, Ghana, Kenya and the Philippines workers interviewed interviews with 113 workers across Colombia, Ghana, Kenya, and The Philippines Scroll. Click. Suffer. The Hidden Human Cost of Content Moderation and Data LabellingEquidem 2025 Content moderators and data workers at BPO firms in Kenya, Ghana, Colombia and the Philippines bonus share of total pay bonuses accounted for more than 70% of total remuneration in some cases "If I Had Another Job, I Would Not Accept Data Annotation Tasks": How Syrian Refugees in Lebanon Train AI (Data Workers' Inquiry)Data Workers' Inquiry 2024 Syrian refugee data annotators in Lebanon, image-cleaning projects (worker-researcher account) piece rate 0.014 euros per image; 10,000 images for 140 euros Data Workers' InquiryData Workers' Inquiry 2024 Data workers acting as community researchers in Venezuela, Kenya, Syria, Brazil, France and Germany number of worker-researchers 19 data workers in Venezuela, Kenya, Syria, Brazil, France and Germany Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2023: Work in the Planetary Labour MarketFairwork 2023 15 cloudwork platforms including Amazon Mechanical Turk, Appen and Scale/Remotasks; survey of 752 workers in 94 countries platforms meeting minimum-wage principle two platforms (ComeUp and Terawork) of 15 Working Without Borders: The Promise and Peril of Online Gig WorkWorld Bank 2023 Online gig workers worldwide; data-science estimate from web scraping and website traffic workforce size (lower bound) 154 million unique registered online gig workers Working Without Borders: The Promise and Peril of Online Gig WorkWorld Bank 2023 Online gig workers worldwide; survey estimate including secondary and marginal gig workers (web survey in 17 countries) workforce size (upper bound) as high as 435 million online gig workers Working Without Borders: The Promise and Peril of Online Gig WorkWorld Bank 2023 Online gig workers worldwide whose main work is gig work (survey estimate) workforce size (main gig workers) 132.5 million main gig workers Working Without Borders: The Promise and Peril of Online Gig WorkWorld Bank 2023 Online gig workers worldwide share of global labour force (lower bound) 4.4 percent of the global labor force Working Without Borders: The Promise and Peril of Online Gig WorkWorld Bank 2023 Online gig workers worldwide share of global labour force (upper bound) 12.5 percent of the global labor force Working Without Borders: The Promise and Peril of Online Gig WorkWorld Bank 2023 Workers on one major online platform reviewed in the report women's earnings as share of men's women earning just 68 percent of men's wages Work in the Planetary Labour Market: Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2022Fairwork 2022 15 cloudwork platforms; survey of 613 workers in 84 countries, January to July 2022 platforms meeting minimum-wage principle not awarded to any platform How many online workers are there in the world? A data-driven assessmentOpen Research Europe 2021 Registered worker profiles on online labour platforms globally workforce size (registered profiles) 163 million freelancer profiles How many online workers are there in the world? A data-driven assessmentOpen Research Europe 2021 Registered worker profiles on online labour platforms globally workforce size (ever obtained work) approximately 19 million obtained work at least once; 5 million completed at least 10 projects or earned at least $1000 Quantifying the Invisible Labor in Crowd WorkarXiv 2021 100 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers tracked by a browser plugin over 40,903 tasks unpaid time share 33% of their time daily on invisible labor Quantifying the Invisible Labor in Crowd WorkarXiv 2021 100 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers tracked by a browser plugin over 40,903 tasks median hourly earnings (including invisible labour) $2.83 median hourly wage counting invisible labor ($3.76 if it is ignored) Work in the Planetary Labour Market: Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2021Oxford Internet Institute 2021 17 cloudwork platforms; survey of 792 workers in 75 countries, July to November 2020 platforms meeting minimum-wage principle only 2 of the 11 platforms (Workana and Appen) World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of workInternational Labour Organization 2021 Workers on online web-based platforms (microtask, freelance, competitive programming) in ILO surveys, about 2,900 global respondents in 100 countries plus China and Ukraine surveys, 2017 to 2020 mean hourly earnings (paid and unpaid time) US$3.4 average hourly earnings in a typical week World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of workInternational Labour Organization 2021 Workers on online web-based platforms in ILO surveys, 2017 to 2020 median hourly earnings half of the workers earn less than US$2.1 per hour World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of workInternational Labour Organization 2021 Workers on microtask platforms in the ILO global survey (2017) mean hourly earnings (microtask platforms) US$3.3 on microtask platforms (US$7.6 on freelance platforms) World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of workInternational Labour Organization 2021 Workers on freelance platforms in the ILO global survey (2019 to 2020) mean hourly earnings (freelance platforms) US$7.6 on freelance platforms World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of workInternational Labour Organization 2021 Workers on freelance platforms in developing countries, ILO global survey earnings gap, developing vs developed countries 60 per cent less, after controlling for basic characteristics and tasks World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of workInternational Labour Organization 2021 Workers on online web-based platforms in ILO surveys, 2017 to 2020 unpaid time share about one third of their time, or eight hours, of a 27-hour typical week spent on unpaid work World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of workInternational Labour Organization 2021 Workers on online web-based platforms in ILO surveys, 2017 to 2020 weekly hours 27 hours on average in a typical week, including paid and unpaid work World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of workInternational Labour Organization 2021 Workers on freelance and microtask platforms in ILO global surveys unpaid minutes per paid hour about 23 minutes (freelance) and 20 minutes (microtask) of unpaid work per hour of paid tasks World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of workInternational Labour Organization 2021 Workers on microtask platforms in the ILO global survey (2017) share working over 40 hours a week half work 16 hours or less, 20 per cent work over 40 hours A Data-Driven Analysis of Workers' Earnings on Amazon Mechanical TurkarXiv 2018 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers using the Crowd Workers browser plugin, 2,676 workers, 3.8 million tasks median hourly earnings $1.77/h A Data-Driven Analysis of Workers' Earnings on Amazon Mechanical TurkarXiv 2018 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers using the Crowd Workers browser plugin, 2,676 workers, 3.8 million tasks mean hourly earnings $3.13/h A Data-Driven Analysis of Workers' Earnings on Amazon Mechanical TurkarXiv 2018 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers using the Crowd Workers browser plugin, 2,676 workers, 3.8 million tasks share earning above minimum wage 111 workers (4%) earned more than $7.25/h, the U.S. federal minimum wage A Data-Driven Analysis of Workers' Earnings on Amazon Mechanical TurkarXiv 2018 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers using the Crowd Workers browser plugin, 2,676 workers, 3.8 million tasks median hourly earnings excluding unpaid work $3.18/h (median) and $6.19/h (mean) if unpaid work is ignored A Data-Driven Analysis of Workers' Earnings on Amazon Mechanical TurkarXiv 2018 Requesters posting tasks on Amazon Mechanical Turk, as seen by 2,676 plugin users mean hourly rate paid by requesters $11.58/h on average Demographics and Dynamics of Mechanical Turk WorkersPanos Ipeirotis (author's site) 2018 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers; 28-month survey, more than 85K responses from 40K unique participants workforce size more than 100K workers available; more than 2K active at any given time Demographics and Dynamics of Mechanical Turk WorkersPanos Ipeirotis (author's site) 2018 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers; 28-month survey, more than 85K responses from 40K unique participants worker half-life on platform half-life of 12 to 18 months Digital labour platforms and the future of workInternational Labour Organization 2018 ILO surveys of microtask workers on five platforms (AMT, CrowdFlower, Clickworker, Prolific, Microworkers), 3,500 workers in 75 countries, 2015 and 2017 mean hourly earnings (paid work only) US$4.43 per hour Digital labour platforms and the future of workInternational Labour Organization 2018 ILO surveys of microtask workers on five platforms (AMT, CrowdFlower, Clickworker, Prolific, Microworkers), 3,500 workers in 75 countries, 2015 and 2017 mean hourly earnings (paid and unpaid time) US$3.31 per hour Digital labour platforms and the future of workInternational Labour Organization 2018 ILO surveys of microtask workers on five platforms (AMT, CrowdFlower, Clickworker, Prolific, Microworkers), 3,500 workers in 75 countries, 2015 and 2017 median hourly earnings (paid and unpaid time) US$2.16 per hour Digital labour platforms and the future of workInternational Labour Organization 2018 American workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk in the ILO 2017 crowdworker survey share below minimum wage about 48 per cent below US$7.25 counting paid work only, 64 per cent counting unpaid work Digital labour platforms and the future of workInternational Labour Organization 2018 German workers on Clickworker in the ILO crowdworker survey share above minimum wage only 7 per cent above the German minimum wage of EUR 8.84 per hour (paid and unpaid hours) Digital labour platforms and the future of workInternational Labour Organization 2018 ILO surveys of microtask workers on five platforms, 3,500 workers in 75 countries unpaid minutes per paid hour 20 minutes on unpaid activities for every hour of paid work Digital labour platforms and the future of workInternational Labour Organization 2018 ILO surveys of microtask workers on five platforms, 3,500 workers in 75 countries weekly hours 24.5 hours per week (18.6 hours paid, 6.2 hours unpaid) Digital labour platforms and the future of workInternational Labour Organization 2018 ILO surveys of microtask workers on five platforms, 3,500 workers in 75 countries share wanting more work 88 per cent would like to do more crowdwork, wanting 11.6 more hours per week on average Digital labour platforms and the future of workInternational Labour Organization 2018 Microtask workers in Africa in the ILO crowdworker survey mean hourly earnings by region (paid and unpaid time) US$1.33 per hour (Africa), against US$4.70 (Northern America) Online Labour Index: Measuring the Online Gig Economy for Policy and ResearchMunich Personal RePEc Archive 2018 Projects and tasks posted on the five largest English-language online labour platforms, May to October 2016 occupation share of vacancies (software development and technology) roughly one third of the vacancies Online Labour Index: Measuring the Online Gig Economy for Policy and ResearchMunich Personal RePEc Archive 2018 Online labour demand on the five largest English-language online labour platforms annualized growth of online gig work an annualized rate of 14 percent DataAnnotation: advertised expert ratesDataAnnotation 2026 Remote AI-training contractors on DataAnnotation (rates advertised on the company homepage, read 10 Oct 2026) advertised expert hourly rate expert rates of up to $75 to $125+/hr Handshake AI Program: advertised ratesHandshake 2026 Handshake AI Fellowship trending opportunities (rates advertised on the program page, read 10 Oct 2026) advertised hourly pay (AI evaluation specialist) up to $17/hr (AI Evaluation Specialist) Handshake AI Program: advertised ratesHandshake 2026 Handshake AI Fellowship trending opportunities (rates advertised on the program page, read 10 Oct 2026) advertised hourly pay (expert role) up to $125/hr (Game Developer/Designer) I refused to train the AI that could replace meRest of World 2026 An AI-training role offered to a PhD holder in South Africa (first-person essay) offered hourly pay vs national minimum wage 600 rand ($37) an hour, against a national minimum wage of 30.23 rand ($2) an hour I refused to train the AI that could replace meRest of World 2026 Workers in India recording first-person video of their work for humanoid robot training hourly pay 250 rupees ($2.60) an hour Lawyers are training AI how to think like themBusiness Insider 2026 Lawyers doing AI training work for Mercor and Micro1 advertised hourly pay between $100 and $200 an hour for legal experts (Mercor) Mercor competitor Deccan AI raises $25M, sources experts from IndiaTechCrunch 2026 Contributors (mostly India-based experts) on Deccan AI's platform hourly earnings range (company statement) about $10 to $700 per hour; top contributors up to $7,000 a month The AI-powered World Cup runs on thousands of data workersRest of World 2026 A football match data annotator (independent contractor) pay per match about 60 euros ($70) per match, plus transportation costs The gig workers who are training humanoid robots at homeMIT Technology Review 2026 Micro1 at-home data recorders (chore videos for robotics), thousands of contractors in more than 50 countries; example worker in Nigeria hourly pay $15 an hour (a data recorder in Nigeria) AI Is Learning to Do the Jobs of Doctors, Lawyers, and ConsultantsTIME 2025 Professional experts contracted by Mercor (rates advertised on Mercor's website) advertised mean hourly rate an average hourly rate of $81 per hour, reaching over $200 per hour for Senior Domain Experts AI Is Learning to Do the Jobs of Doctors, Lawyers, and ConsultantsTIME 2025 xAI generalist data workers layoffs 500 generalist data workers laid off (September 2025) Desperate for work, translators train the AI that's putting them out of workRest of World 2025 A Turkish translator doing RLHF work for Outlier hourly pay $20 for every hour worked Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2025: Advancing Standards in Digital Labour and AI Supply Chain GovernanceFairwork 2025 Survey of 776 cloudworkers in 100 countries, February 2024 to January 2025 share experiencing non-payment 31.2% non-payment, 38% late payment Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2025: Advancing Standards in Digital Labour and AI Supply Chain GovernanceFairwork 2025 Survey of 776 cloudworkers in 100 countries, February 2024 to January 2025 share feeling secure about earnings only 35% feel secure about their earnings all or most of the time Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2025: Advancing Standards in Digital Labour and AI Supply Chain GovernanceFairwork 2025 Survey of 776 cloudworkers in 100 countries, February 2024 to January 2025 share for whom platform work is main income 58% say cloudwork is their primary source of income How thousands of 'overworked, underpaid' humans train Google's AI to seem smartThe Guardian 2025 AI raters contracted for Google through GlobalLogic, mostly in the US; 10 current and former workers interviewed starting hourly pay $16 an hour (generalist raters), $21 an hour (super raters) How thousands of 'overworked, underpaid' humans train Google's AI to seem smartThe Guardian 2025 GlobalLogic AI super raters and generalist raters working on Google products workforce size almost 2,000 super raters at peak, shrinking to roughly 1,500 after rolling layoffs in 2025 How thousands of 'overworked, underpaid' humans train Google's AI to seem smartThe Guardian 2025 A GlobalLogic AI rater working on Gemini time allowed per task timer of 30 minutes per task shrank to 15, for about 500 words per response The hidden Kenyan workers training China's AI modelsRest of World 2025 Kenyan video annotators working for China-based companies (team of about 10) daily workload up to 26,000 videos per person a day, up to 12 hours for beginners Venezuelan migrants relied on clickwork to survive. Now AI is replacing themRest of World 2025 A Venezuelan data worker in Colombia tagging data on Appen piece rate 5 to 25 cents per task Google cuts off an $83 million ghost labor contractRest of World 2024 Appen search raters working on Google Search hourly pay $14.50 an hour after a contract-wide raise (2023) Labelers training AI say they're overworked, underpaid and exploited by big American tech companiesCBS News 2024 AI data labelers in Kenya, including Sama workers on Meta and OpenAI projects hourly pay $2 per hour, gross before tax Microtrabalho no Brasil: Quem são os trabalhadores por trás da inteligência artificialBBC News Brasil 2024 477 microworkers (data workers) in Brazil surveyed by the Microtrabalho no Brasil study mean monthly earnings R$ 583,71 por mes, about 15.5 hours a week Microtrabalho no Brasil: Quem são os trabalhadores por trás da inteligência artificialBBC News Brasil 2024 477 microworkers (data workers) in Brazil surveyed by the Microtrabalho no Brasil study mean hourly earnings US$ 1,60 (about R$ 9) per hour Microtrabalho no Brasil: Quem são os trabalhadores por trás da inteligência artificialBBC News Brasil 2024 477 microworkers (data workers) in Brazil surveyed by the Microtrabalho no Brasil study share earning only enough for basic bills 66% earn only enough to pay the most basic bills Scale AI's Remotasks platform is dropping whole countries without explanationRest of World 2024 Remotasks (Scale AI) workers in Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan countries where the platform shut down shut down entirely in Kenya, Nigeria, and Pakistan; new sign-ups stopped in Thailand, Vietnam, and Poland Side Hustle or Scam? What to Know About Data Annotation WorkTIME 2024 US data annotation sites (DataAnnotation.tech, Outlier.ai and others), advertised rates advertised hourly pay around $20 per hour; $40 for coding tasks (DataAnnotation.tech); $60 per hour for chemistry tasks (Outlier.ai) AI Is a Lot of WorkThe Verge 2023 Remotasks (Scale AI) annotators in Kenya, interviewed hourly earnings range dropped to between $1 and $3 per hour (early 2023), from about $5 to $10 when Remotasks arrived AI Is a Lot of WorkThe Verge 2023 U.S.-based Remotasks annotators (workers interviewed and job listings) hourly earnings range generally between $10 and $25 per hour AI Is a Lot of WorkThe Verge 2023 Surge AI annotators interviewed (a small sample of about 100,000) hourly earnings range between $15 and $30 per hour; Surge says it has 100,000 annotators AI Is a Lot of WorkThe Verge 2023 Scale AI job listings for U.S. AI trainers by field, May 2023 advertised hourly pay $45 an hour (law), $25 an hour (poetry) China's AI boom depends on an army of exploited student internsRest of World 2023 Vocational school students working as data annotators at a Chinese data firm (manager, anonymous) monthly pay 3000 to 4000 yuan ($409 to $545) a month, of which schools took 600 to 1000 yuan China's AI boom depends on an army of exploited student internsRest of World 2023 China's data annotation workforce (estimate by an anonymous business owner) share of workforce who are student interns 20% to 30% of China's data annotation work force Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2023: Work in the Planetary Labour MarketFairwork 2023 250 surveyed workers on microwork platforms, respondents in 51 countries mean hourly earnings an average of $2.15 USD an hour ($50.30 per week) Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2023: Work in the Planetary Labour MarketFairwork 2023 250 surveyed workers on microwork platforms, respondents in 51 countries unpaid time share 6 hours and 18 minutes of 23 hours 30 minutes a week unpaid (26.85%) OpenAI Used Kenyan Workers on Less Than $2 Per Hour to Make ChatGPT Less ToxicTIME 2023 Sama data labelers in Nairobi, Kenya, labelling toxic text for OpenAI; about three dozen workers, four interviewed, payslips reviewed hourly take-home pay range between around $1.32 and $2 per hour OpenAI Used Kenyan Workers on Less Than $2 Per Hour to Make ChatGPT Less ToxicTIME 2023 Sama contract for OpenAI text labelling, Kenya hourly rate paid by client to vendor $12.50 per hour paid by OpenAI to Sama, six to nine times workers' take-home pay OpenAI Used Kenyan Workers on Less Than $2 Per Hour to Make ChatGPT Less ToxicTIME 2023 Sama agents (most junior data labelers) on the OpenAI project, Kenya monthly base salary 21,000 Kenyan shillings ($170) per month OpenAI Used Kenyan Workers on Less Than $2 Per Hour to Make ChatGPT Less ToxicTIME 2023 Sama data labelers on the OpenAI project, Kenya (three employees) workload per shift between 150 and 250 passages of text per nine-hour shift OpenAI Used Kenyan Workers on Less Than $2 Per Hour to Make ChatGPT Less ToxicTIME 2023 Sama data labelers on the OpenAI project, Kenya (company statement) hourly take-home pay range (company statement) between $1.46 and $3.74 per hour after taxes; 70 passages per nine-hour shift Scale AI is on a hiring spree for speakers of under-represented languagesRest of World 2023 Scale AI job postings for writers in different languages advertised hourly pay by language $21.55 per hour (German) vs $1.43 per hour (Telugu) Scale AI is on a hiring spree for speakers of under-represented languagesRest of World 2023 Scale AI job postings for Portuguese writers in Portugal and Brazil advertised hourly pay by country up to $8.20 an hour (Portugal) vs $3.97 per hour (Brazil) for identical jobs Why Silicon Valley's biggest AI developers are hiring poetsRest of World 2023 Scale AI job postings for Japanese-language data work advertised hourly pay (standard vs expert) $13.98 per hour (standard data worker) vs up to $50 per hour (expert poet, editor or creative writer) How the AI industry profits from catastropheMIT Technology Review 2022 Remotasks (Scale AI) workers in Venezuela mean hourly earnings (company statement) an average of a little more than 90 cents an hour How the AI industry profits from catastropheMIT Technology Review 2022 Venezuelan workers registered on Hive Micro and Spare5 (research by Florian Schmidt) workforce size an estimated 200,000 Venezuelans, 75% of the platforms' workforces, by mid-2018 How the AI industry profits from catastropheMIT Technology Review 2022 Remotasks Plus workers (program launched in Venezuela, later global) weekly paid-hours cap anyone who worked over 60 hours a week would not be paid for extra time Work in the Planetary Labour Market: Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2022Fairwork 2022 Survey of 613 cloudworkers in 84 countries on 15 platforms unpaid hours per week over 8.5 hours per week on unpaid tasks Work in the Planetary Labour Market: Fairwork Cloudwork Ratings 2022Fairwork 2022 Survey of 613 cloudworkers in 84 countries on 15 platforms share who completed a task and were not paid almost a third (186 of 613) Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclassghostwork.info (authors' book site) 2019 US adults who have done on-demand online piecework share of population that has done the work an estimated 8 percent of Americans Online Labour Index: Measuring the Online Gig Economy for Policy and ResearchMunich Personal RePEc Archive 2018 Projects and tasks posted on the five largest English-language online labour platforms, May to October 2016 share of vacancies posted by US employers roughly 52 percent of all the vacancies Income security in the on-demand economy: Findings and policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkersInternational Labour Organization 2016 ILO Survey of Crowdworkers, November and December 2015: 1,167 responses (814 Amazon Mechanical Turk, 353 Crowdflower) mean hourly earnings (US AMT workers) average $5.55 per hour, median $4.65 (American AMT workers) Income security in the on-demand economy: Findings and policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkersInternational Labour Organization 2016 Indian Amazon Mechanical Turk workers and Crowdflower workers in the ILO Survey of Crowdworkers, late 2015 median hourly earnings (Indian AMT workers) Indian AMT: average $3.17, median $1.65; Crowdflower: average $1.77, median just under $1 Income security in the on-demand economy: Findings and policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkersInternational Labour Organization 2016 ILO Survey of Crowdworkers, late 2015, AMT and Crowdflower unpaid time share 23.2 per cent of working time unpaid; 18 minutes per hour of paid work Income security in the on-demand economy: Findings and policy lessons from a survey of crowdworkersInternational Labour Organization 2016 ILO Survey of Crowdworkers, late 2015, AMT and Crowdflower share with work rejected or payment refused 94 per cent have had work rejected or were refused payment Research in the Crowdsourcing Age, a Case StudyPew Research Center 2016 Nonprobability opt-in survey of 3,370 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers, 9 to 25 February 2016 share earning under $5 per hour 52% report earning less than $5 an hour; 8% earn $8 or more Research in the Crowdsourcing Age, a Case StudyPew Research Center 2016 Nonprobability opt-in survey of 3,370 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers, 9 to 25 February 2016 share earning $8 per hour or more Only 8% say they earn $8 per hour or more Research in the Crowdsourcing Age, a Case StudyPew Research Center 2016 Tasks posted on Amazon Mechanical Turk during the week of 7 to 11 December 2015 (content analysis) share of tasks paying 10 cents or less 61% were microtasks paying 10 cents or less Research in the Crowdsourcing Age, a Case StudyPew Research Center 2016 Nonprobability opt-in survey of 3,370 Amazon Mechanical Turk workers, February 2016 share for whom platform work is main income 25% earn all or most of their incomes on MTurk; 53% say very little